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Migration has become a social phenomenon that deeply influences political power and social coexistence. This is because it exerts an impact on key elements of the modern State, such as national sovereignty, citizenship, and the cultural expressions of collective identity. While national sovereignty was subject to disintegration, and citizenship has been put into question as mechanism of social inclusion and as indicator of political affiliation, collective identity has become much more complex and diverse. But the influence of migration goes deeper: it affects the normative basis of society and, finally, the very concept of justice.
The main goal of this project is to outline the features of a migration policy based on principles of justice, which promote social cohesion in the fields of politics, economics, labour, culture, and education, of all people living in the same territory, no matter if they were old or new residents. The perspective of this project is multidisciplinary:
1) From the perspective of political philosophy, migration politics will be analyzed in a normative respect as instrument of the regulation of rights and benefits as well as a device of civic integration. For this purpose, it will be necessary to go beyond a concept of justice applying to the state as it has been proposed by John Rawls. In this direction, one of the most promising paths has been initiated by the so-called radical rawlsians, a group of liberal-egalitarian and cosmopolitan orientation, such as Beitz, Pogge, Barry, and Shue. To rethink the field of application of justice also involves a transformation of the notion nation-state and of the related concept of citizenship. Thus, it should be possible, at least as working hypothesis, to take into account identitary pluralism as well as the demands of recognition asserted by the immigrants in the social, legal, and political area.
2) In a historical perspective, the process of the formation of citizenship will be investigated. Thus provided with a historical content both cumulative and contingent, citizenship is conceived as the result of institutional reforms and social struggles developed outside institutions, that is, as a product of conflicts and negotiations between the political and social forces of a country. A critical and comparative historiographic elaboration will be projected upon the different elements, records and activities that have been defining the notion of citizenship over time, with the specific goal of displaying and analysing the way in which demands asserted by new immigrant groups modify or can modify the nature of present citizenship.
3) From a sociological perspective, structural changes propelled not so much by the very migratory movements themselves, as by the development of public policies aiming at the social integration of immigrants, will be investigated. Special emphasis will be placed upon avoiding a unilateral approach to the problem, therefore remarking the double direction of the complex integration process: both that of the so-called 'nationals' as that of those, who 'recently' migrated to the country. |